Bi mobili bɛ ka taa a fɛ ka taa a fɛ. Farikolo barikamaw, kɔnɔna miirilenw, cɛsirilanw, kuran... Nka nin bɛɛ bɛ mɔgɔw lakana kabini kɔnɔ, a tɛ kɛ a kɔkan. Sigida ba ma anw, baganw farikolo nɔgɔlenw, ni lakanani bɔgɔlan di an ma, i n’a fɔ jɛgɛw walima armadillos. Wa ni mobili ye mɔgɔ gosi, a man teli ka kɛ ni jogin tɛ ...
Mɔgɔ minnu tɔɔrɔla, olu hakɛ bɛ se ka dɔgɔya cogo di? Fɛɛrɛ min ka ɲi kosɛbɛ, o ye ka sirako labɛn cogo la min bɛ se ka sennamɔgɔw faranfasi ka bɔ sirako la ni dannaya ye. Tɛmɛsira jukɔrɔla, senna-tɛgɛrɛw... Ka fara o kan, jamana siwiliw bɛɛ la, nɛgɛ sariya dɔ bɛ mɔbili bolilaw bolo : sira di sennatigi ma !
Nka hali Erɔpu siraw kan minnu ye misali ye, sennamɔgɔw ka ca ni 8400 ye san o san, wa mɔgɔ 17 000 wɛrɛ bɛ jogin kosɛbɛ ɲɔgɔndanw senfɛ. Binkanni bɛ kɛ sigiyɔrɔw la, jamana siraw kan, dugu misɛnninw cɛtigɛyɔrɔw la, dugujukɔrɔ siraw jɔli tɛ se ka kɛ yɔrɔ minnu na sariya siratigɛ la...
Yala a bɛ se ka kɛ ka mobili kɛ "terikɛ" ye sennamɔgɔw fɛ wa?
UNECE ka sariyasen 26nan min bɛ baara la sisan Erɔpu jamanaw na, o b’a fɔ ko mobili yɔrɔw man kan ka bɔ kɛnɛma, u da nɛrɛmuguma minnu bɛ se ka mɔgɔ jogin ni a gosira. O wajibi in sababu la, mobili ye u yɛrɛ bɔ bonnet ja ninnu na tiɲɛ na, ka bɔ bumperw kan. Nka a tɛ kɛ tugun. Ni san tan tɛmɛnenw na, sɛgɛsɛgɛli kɛra jogo ta fan fɛ bolifɛntigi ni mɔbili kɔnɔmɔgɔw lakanani na (o misali dɔ ye ɲɛtaa ye EuroNCAP ka pankurun tiɲɛni sɛgɛsɛgɛli jaabiw la k’a ta san 1997 la ka se san 2002 ma), o tuma na, “sennamɔgɔw” lakanani kɛra nɛnɛ ye tiɲɛ na nivo min bɛ san 80 daminɛ na!
San 1978, Erɔpu jamanaw ka mobili lakanani jɛkulu (EEVC) sigira senkan gɔfɛrɛnamanw ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ. EEVC ka yamaruya de y’a to ɛntɛrinɛti ɲɛmɔgɔw ni dɔgɔtɔrɔw ye lakana jateminɛ fɛɛrɛ dɔ labɛn min bɛ baara kɛ ni ɲininikɛlaw ye sisan diɲɛ fan bɛɛ. HIC kunkolo joginni dantigɛli sariya, kolotugudaw fanga dan, doni gɛlɛnw disi kan...
Kabini a daminɛ na, EEVC dɔnnikɛlaw fana ye sennamɔgɔw lakanani ko ta. Sɛgɛsɛgɛli min kɛra ɲɔgɔndan lakikaw kan ani kasaara simulatigɛ ni mannequw ye, o y’a jira ko saya 80% la, o bɛ sɔrɔ kunkolo joginw fɛ - o fila bɛɛ bɛ bɔ sɔgɔsɔgɔninjɛ filananw na nɛgɛso kan ni mɔgɔ binna, ani ka bɔ mobili la. A tigi bɛ ɲɔgɔn sɔrɔ yɔrɔ min na, o bɛ bɔ a tigi janya la ani a ɲɛfɛla labɛncogo la - ni mɔgɔ ta ye, o ye fiɲɛbɔlan ye walima fiɲɛbɔlan. Ikomi bi fiɲɛbɔlan saba (lunɛti fila ni filimu finman dɔ bɛ u ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ) “ka nɔgɔ” kosɛbɛ ka tɛmɛ nɛgɛ kan, kunkolo jogin minnu bɛ mɔgɔ faga, olu ka teli ka kɛ ni u ye fiɲɛbɔlan gosi, n’o ye fiɲɛbɔlan kolanɛgɛw ye. Nka, dakun dakunw na, fiɲɛbɔlan bɛ gɛrɛ nɛgɛ la “gɛlɛya” siratigɛ la.
"Senna" joginw kulu filanan min ka ca kosɛbɛ - senw karilen, gɛnɛgɛnɛw ni senkɔniw tiɲɛni. Sariya la, sen joginni tɛ mɔgɔ faga, nka a bɛ se ka mɔgɔ kɛ fiyentɔ ye. O sababuba ye nɔw ye bumper kan ani ka ɲɛsin hood ɲɛfɛla ma.
Joginni farati bɛ dɔgɔya cogo di ni ɲɔgɔnkanu kɛra? An ka kan ka ɲɛfɛla kɛ fɛn ye min bɛ se ka sɛgɛsɛgɛ kosɛbɛ! A jɛlen don ko a bɛ se ka "nɔgɔya" dɔrɔn fo ka se hakɛ dɔ ma - o bɛɛ kɔfɛ, a yɔrɔw ni a lajɛlenw "solid" bɛ dogo hali bi bɔgɔdaga finman dɔ jukɔrɔ walima bumper ka plastiki jukɔrɔ. Nka Angilɛw ka TRL sɛgɛsɛgɛli yɔrɔ kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw ye sɛgɛsɛgɛli caman kɛ, wa san 1985, ka da Austin Metro seriyali hatchback kan, u ye mobili “safe” dɔ jɔ min bɛ kɛ k’a lajɛ, n’a ɲɛfɛla dabɔra ka sennamɔgɔw lakana ni mɔgɔ dɔ ye a gosi o ɲɔgɔnna ɲɔgɔndanw teliya “cɛmancɛ” - kilomɛtɛrɛ 40 lɛrɛ kɔnɔ. Misali la, jateminɛ kɛlen min kɛra kunkolo joginni seko kan HIC (Head Injury Criterion) ni mannequin kunkolo ye o mobili sugu in ka wuluwulu gosi, o ma tɛmɛ a dankan hakɛ kan min ye 1000. Tiɲɛ don, o tɛ ɲɛnamaya ni kɛnɛya garanti cogo si la sennatigi ta - o bɛɛ kɔfɛ , a bɛ se ka joginni faga hali ni gosili filanan kɛra a kun na nɛgɛso kan . Nka, a ka c’a la, mɔgɔ bɛ se ka kisi ni o mobili “lamaratɔ” sugu bɛ ɲɔgɔn sɔrɔ, o ka ca hali bi! TRL dɔnnikɛlaw ka fɔ la, ni mobili dilannikɛlaw bɛɛ tun ye sennamɔgɔw lakanani fɛɛrɛw don mobili kura dilanni na, o tuma na, mɔgɔ minnu bɛ faga ɲɔgɔnkanu waati la, olu tun bɛna dɔgɔya ni 10% ye san saba kɔnɔ, ani ni 20% ye san 8 kɔnɔ. San o san Cɛma Erɔpu jamanaw ta fan fɛ, o kɔrɔ ye ko mɔgɔ ba kelen ni tila ɲɔgɔn ye mɔgɔ kisi, minnu cɛma, denmisɛn caman bɛ yen ...
Nka i bɛ mobili dilannikɛlaw bila cogo di ka wari bila sennamɔgɔw lakanani na?
San 1991, EEVC dɔnnikɛlaw ye fɛɛrɛ dɔ labɛn walasa ka mobili kɔrɔbɔ walasa ka se ka bolifɛnw tiɲɛ - k’a jira Erɔpu jamanaw ka pariti la k’a kɛ sariya kura ye. A jirala ko mobili “nɔgɔya” jateminɛ ka ɲɛsin sennatigi jigintɔ ma ni kɔrɔbɔli fitinin naani ye minnu b’a to i bɛ se ka ɲɛfɛla “gosi” ni minɛn kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw dɛmɛ ye.
Kɔrɔbɔli fɔlɔ ye marifa ye min "sen" kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen bɛ bumper kɔnɔ. Filanan ye “cɛya” gosili ye bɔgɔdaga ɲɛfɛla da la. Kɔrɔbɔli sabanan ni naaninan ye bɔgɔdaga ni fiɲɛbɔlan bɔgɔbɔgɔli ye ni fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw ye minnu bɛ baliku ni denmisɛnnin kunkolo ladege. "Shell" bɛɛ bɛ ni sensɛriw ye. Misali la, "sen" b'a To i bɛ se k'a "kari" yɔrɔ min na gɛnɛgɛnɛ na, "patella" jiginni ani a teliyacogo suman. Wa “kunkolow” bɛ decelerations hakɛ labɛn, o de kan, HIC kunkolo joginni dantigɛli hakɛ bɛ jate.
"Senna" fɛɛrɛ fɔlɔ EEVC ye EuroNCAP ta. Wa, mobili misɛnnin wolonwula ka pankurun tiɲɛni sɛgɛsɛgɛli fɔlɔ yɛrɛ, min kɛra san 1996 laban na, o y’a jira ko mobili ninnu ma bɛn pewu “sennamɔgɔw” lakanani ma. Mobili minnu bɛɛ sɛgɛsɛgɛra, olu bɛɛ ye dolow kelen sɔrɔ, a cayalenba ye dolow fila ye naani na minnu bɛ se ka kɛ sennamɔgɔw lakanani kama - hali u modeli si ma gɛrɛ EEVC ka sariyaw dafa cogo si la !
O kɔfɛ, a tugura ɲɔgɔn kɔ ni pankurun tiɲɛni sɛgɛsɛgɛli kura ye - ani jigitigɛ kura. O kɔlɔlɔw ye dolow "sennabagatɔ" kelen walima fla ye. O de y’a to, a sira fɛ, n’an tun bɛ EuroNCAP ka pankurun tiɲɛni sɛgɛsɛgɛliw jaabiw bɔ kɛnɛ kan, an tun ma kuma “sennamɔgɔw” sɛgɛsɛgɛliw jaabiw kan Autoreview kɔnɔ. U tun ka jugu mobili bɛɛ ma cogo kelen na!
N’a sɔrɔ EEVC dɔnnikɛlaw ka ɲininiw ka ca kojugu wa? Nka mobili 150 minnu bɛɛ kɔrɔbɔra san wɔɔrɔ kɔnɔ, olu bɛɛ cɛma, mobili 6 tun bɛ yen hali bi minnu ye dolow sɔrɔ, n’a ma kɛ naani ye, nka a dɔgɔyalenba la, dolow saba sɔrɔla sennamɔgɔw lakanani na ni u gosira. Daihatsu Sirion hatchback kɛra "sennamɔgɔw terikɛ" mobili fɔlɔ ye san 2000, san 2001 a farala Honda Civic kura ni Honda Stream ani Mazda Premacy compact vanw kan, dɔɔnin o kɔfɛ Honda CR-V ye dolow saba sɔrɔ "sennamɔgɔw" jate la. A laban na, MG TF Roadster ye ‘dolow saba’ sɔrɔ sisan sennamɔgɔw lakanani na.
A kɔlɔsi ko "dolow saba" mobili wɔɔrɔ minnu bɛ EuroNCAP ka "sennamɔgɔw" jate la, duuru ye Zapɔnkaw ye. Nin tɛ kasaara ye. Kabini san 1991, Japon ka bolifɛnko minisiriso ye sennamɔgɔw lakanani ɲinini porogaramu dɔ sigi senkan mobili dilannikɛlaw ye walasa ka dusu don baara la o yɔrɔ la. Kuntigi min lakodɔnnen don yan, o ye Honda ye. Tochigi sɛgɛsɛgɛli yɔrɔ la, baarakɛminɛnw bɛɛ lajɛlen bɛ lajɛ minnu bɛ kɛ sɛgɛsɛgɛliw la minnu bɛ tali kɛ o ko la, sennamɔgɔw ka mannequin Polar II min dilannen don kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la - o ye mɔgɔw bɔnsɔn filanan ye kaban, "a ɲɛnabɔra ani ka fara a kan. Jateminɛw jɛlen don - Civic kura in a siɲɛ fɔlɔ don EuroNCAP ka sɛgɛsɛgɛliw tariku kɔnɔ, a ye 72% kɛ EEVC sariyaw la, o min ka surun dɔɔnin dɔrɔn ka tɛmɛn "dolow naani" sennamɔgɔw ka kulu kan ! Wa k’a sɔrɔ a ma laadala lakana pasif tiɲɛ, Civic ye se sɔrɔ ka tɛmɛn bɔgɔdaga sɛgɛsɛgɛli kɔrɔlenw kan, a ye kuru 27 sɔrɔ jatebɔ laban na (jate 11 sɔrɔ ɲɛfɛla tiɲɛni sɛgɛsɛgɛli la ani kuru 16 kɛ kɛrɛfɛ pankurun sɛgɛsɛgɛli la) ani ka dolow naani sɔrɔ. O waati kelen na, Renault Megane kura min ye dolow duuru sɔrɔ bolifɛntigiw ni mɔbili bolilaw lakanani na, o ye dolow kelen dɔrɔn sɔrɔ sennamɔgɔw ka sɛgɛsɛgɛliw la, ka EEVC sariyaw 31% dɔrɔn dafa. N’an ye mobili lakanani hakɛ bɛɛ lajɛlen jateminɛ - bolibagaw ni sennamɔgɔw bɛɛ ta - o tuma na Honda Civic bɛna ɲɛmɔgɔ dafalen jɔyɔrɔ ta !
Hondovtsy bɛ se ka o nɔba suguw sɔrɔ cogo jumɛn na?
Fɛnɲɛnɛma-bumper plastiki “fari” jukɔrɔ, bi mobili bɛɛ bɛ spars dakunw dogo ani transversal beam barikama dɔ, min bɛ ɲɛfɛla fanga jɔcogo “da”, wa a dabɔra ka “baara” kɛ ɲɔgɔndan na. Ni olu tɛ, a tɛ se ka kɛ ka lakana pasif ɲuman sɔrɔ. Nka sennamɔgɔw lakana cogo di n’u ye? O ɲɛda sugu bɛ "nɔgɔya" cogo di?
O siratigɛ la, Bɛnkansɛbɛn kura in ye taamasiyɛn ye, min dilanni sinsinnen bɛ EEVC sɛgɛsɛgɛliw kan. A ma se fɔlɔ ka bɔ fanga-fɛn “gɛlɛnw” la pewu - ɲɛfɛ-spar (sɔgɔsɔgɔninjɛ) dakunw bɛ gɛrɛ bumper “peel” la, fo ni a ni balilan dɔ ye ɲɔgɔn gosi, u bɛ ta a nɔ juguya cogo min na joona. Nka jirisunba min bɛ sparw siri ɲɔgɔn na, o bɛ don a kɔnɔ ka dun - k’a ta bumper na ka taa a bila nɛgɛ la, yɔrɔ dɔ bɛ yen min kɔnɔna bɛ se santimɛtɛrɛ 10 ma.Ni i ye sennatigi gosi, plastiki pliable bɛna biri dɔrɔn, ka gosili nɔgɔya senw na, ka kari juguba dɔ don a kɔnɔ gɛnɛgɛnɛw bɛ se ka kɔlɔsi. A bɛ se ka kɛ.
Danfaraba fana bɛ yen ka bɔ hood la ka taa motɛri dawolo datugulan na - o ye “deformation depth” porogaramulen ye ni kunkolo gosi bɛ se ka kɛ. Ka fara o kan, wuluw bɛ siri motɛri yɔrɔ bɔgɔdagaw la k’a ɲɛsin u yɛrɛ ma, nka u bɛ siri fɛn kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw fɛ minnu bɛ se ka wuli - sisan hali wuluw dakunw bɛna kɛ lakana ye ni u bɛ gosi ! Kapuw fana dilannen don walasa ka fanga minɛ ka bɔ sanfɛla gosi la. Wa "wipers" ka fɛɛrɛ bɛ Kɛ cogo la min b'a To sirilanw bɛ Dòn 'kɔnɔ ni fanga bɛ Dòn a la ka Bɔ kɛnɛma, k'a sɔrɔ a ma joginba Kɛ sennatigi kun na.
A bena? Siga t’a la. Nka EEVC sɛgɛsɛgɛli naani tɛna kɛ sennamɔgɔw lakanani sariya kura ye fo san 2010 a ka fisa. O cɛma, kumaɲɔgɔnya bɛ sen na. Tiɲɛ na, ka fara EEVC kan, kulu wɛrɛw bɛ yen minnu bɛ se ka kɛ ka fɛɛrɛw labɛn "sennamɔgɔw" sɛgɛsɛgɛliw kama. Misali la, Erɔpu mobili dilannikɛlaw ye ɲininikɛla jɛlen dɔ da (JRC), min kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw b’a ɲini ka sɛgɛsɛgɛli naani kɛ, i n’a fɔ EEVC ta fɔcogo, nka fila kabini san 2005 - “sen” bumper test kelen ani impact suguya kelen ni “ moyenne” kunkolo ( balikuw ni denmisɛnw bɛɛ). Ka fara o kan, hali nin "sennamɔgɔw" sɛgɛsɛgɛli nɔgɔman fila in, mobili dilannikɛlaw b'a fɛ ka ... kɛ u yɛrɛ sago la !
Firimi ka sɔsɔliw tɛ kelen ye. Mɔgɔ caman dalen b’a la ko ɲɛfɛla “nɔgɔlen” min bɛ EEVC ka ɲininiw dafa, o tɛna na ni dɔ bɔli makɔnɔnen ye saya ni joginw na ɲɔgɔndan lakikaw la - u b’a fɔ ko “bɔgɔdaga” fɛɛrɛ tɛ jateminɛ kɛ ɲɛfɛla dilanni nɔ min bɛ se ka kɛ a kan jogin filanan minnu bɛ mɔgɔ sɔrɔ ni a bɛ asfalt gosi, olu juguya. Misali la, bolifɛn kelen-kelen minnu ɲɛfɛla bɛ jɛngɛ "bonnetless", n’u ɲɛ fɔlɔ la, u lakananen don, olu bɛ se ka mɔgɔ fili a kunkolo la nɛgɛso kan - ni kɔ joginw ye minnu bɛ se ka mɔgɔ faga, olu bɛ bɛn o ma. Ford dɔnnikɛlaw bɛ ŋunan ko ɲɛfɛla “nɔgɔyali” bɛ sensɛriw baara gɛlɛya, minnu ka baara ye ka barajuru da wuli ani ka pirotekniki cɛsirilanw daminɛ. Wa, danfara minnu bɛ hood ni fanga “solid” cɛ, minnu cayara ka se santimɛtɛrɛ 5-7 wajibiyalen ma, minnu ka kan ka sennamɔgɔw lakana, olu bɛ fɛnba de wajibiya fɛn dilanni na, ka nɔ jugu bila aerodynamique la ani ka dɔ fara sɛnɛfɛnw ta kan.
Kuma surun na, ni danfara minnu man ca, mobili dilannikɛlaw t’a fɛ ka wari bila joona walasa k’u ka mɔbili kuraw ɲɛfɛla “nɔgɔya”. O nɔ na, tɔn caman bɛ ka laɲini kɛ walasa ka lakana waleyali ɲɛ, o bɛna dɛmɛ ka dɔ bɔ sennamɔgɔw ka ɲɔgɔn gosi la - misali la, ka mobili don ni "su yeli" fɛɛrɛw ye minnu b'a to i bɛ se ka mɔgɔ "ye" hali dibi dafalen na. Fɛɛrɛ min bɛ layidu ta, o dɔ ye teliya dantigɛli ye sigiyɔrɔw la ani sennamɔgɔw tɛmɛyɔrɔw la. Tlebinyanfan fɛ, o cogoya suguw ye tɔgɔ Sɔrɔ kaban ko ISA, n’o ye Intelligent Speed Adaptation ye. A daminɛ na, o kama, a tun ka kan ka baara kɛ ni arajo laselikɛlanw ye minnu bilalen bɛ teliya dɔgɔyalen dondaw la. "Senfɛmɔgɔw" taamasiyɛn sɔrɔbagaw minnu bɛ mobili kɔnɔ, olu bɛ se ka teliya dantigɛlan baara u yɛrɛma walima misali la, ka gazi pedali kɛ "gɛlɛn" kosɛbɛ - o ye fɛɛrɛ ye min bɛ kɛ bolifɛntigiw bolo. Sisan, a jirala ko baara ka kɛ ni kurun kɔnɔ taamasiyɛn ye, min karti ɛntɛrinɛti kan, a bɛ se ka kɛ ka yɔrɔw jira minnu teliya dan ye ni fanga ye. Miiri k’a filɛ - i bɛ bolifɛn ta ka don sigiyɔrɔ dɔ la, mobili bɛ barika daminɛ ka lafiɲɛ a yɛrɛ ma, a t’a fɛ ka teliya ka tɛmɛ kilomɛtɛrɛ 30 kan lɛrɛ kɔnɔ ! I bɛ tɛmɛ yɔrɔ faratilen dɔ fɛ - ani ɛntɛrinɛti "kɔlɔsilikɛla" b'a minɛcogo lajɔ...
Nka, fo ka na se bi ma, ninnu tɛ fosi ye ni porozɛw tɛ. Jigiya minnu bɛ se ka kɛ tiɲɛ ye, olu ye ninnu ye. JRC ka laɲini dɔ ye ka bolifɛnw bali minnu bɛ wele ko « kenguryatniki », n’olu bɛ mɔgɔ faga sennamɔgɔw ma, walasa ka bolifɛn bolicogo kɛ sariya ye ni ɲɛfɛlanw ye tile yeelen waatiw la Skandinavikaw kɔfɛ, ani k’a daminɛ san 2004 la ka mobili bɛɛ labɛn k’a sɔrɔ u ma danfara don ni frein anti-lock ye sistɛm min bɛ frein drive (min bɛ kaban o ye fait accompli ye tiɲɛ na). A kɛra cogo o cogo, frein kɔrɔtɔlen minnu bɛ baara kɛ kosɛbɛ sisan (frein dɛmɛnan), minnu bɛ dɛmɛ ka sɛgɛnba sɔrɔ ni frein pedali digilen don joona, nka a barika man bon, olu fana bɛ « tulon kɛ » sennamɔgɔw lakanani kama.
Nka ni a tun tɛ se ka kɛ ka i yɛrɛ tanga ɲɔgɔndan ma, o tuma na, ɲɛfɛla “nɔgɔlen” dɔrɔn de bɛ se ka sennamɔgɔw ka siniɲɛsigi nɔgɔya cogo dɔ la. O la, ni mobili ye i gosi, a ka kɛ Honda ye ...
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April 20, 2026 00:47:07 +0300 GMT
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